Apa itu persil tanah? Istilah ini memang cukup jarang diketahui oleh masyarakat.
Padahal, istilah tersebut sering kali ditemukan dalam dokumen legal pertanahan yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN).
Istilah persil tanah identik dengan produk legal dan hukum pertanahan di Indonesia.
Namun, istilah ini juga kerap digunakan sebagai kata pengganti dari “bidang tanah.”
Lantas, apa itu persil tanah?
Sebagai informasi, baca ulasan lengkapnya di bawah ini!
Apa Itu Persil Tanah?
Penggunaan persil tanah sejatinya merujuk pada kaidah hukum pertanahan Belanda.
Kata ini diambil dari bahasa Belanda perceel, yang berarti “bidang tanah atau lahan pemukiman.”
Merujuk Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI), persil tanah adalah istilah yang merujuk pada bidang tanah dengan ukuran tertentu.
Adapun, dalam Kampus BPIW, persil tanah adalah bidang tanah yang dibentuk dengan ukuran sesuai suatu perencanaan yang disahkan oleh pemerintah daerah untuk mendirikan bangunan.
Secara harfiah, jawaban dari apa itu persil tanah adalah sebuah bidang tanah atau lahan yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk pemukiman maupun bangunan.
Agar kepemilikan tanah di Indonesia berjalan tertib, setiap persil tanah harus dibuatkan data identifikasinya.
Proses identifikasi persil tanah dilakukan oleh BPN, dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut ini.
Baca juga:
Cara Membuat Sertifikat Tanah Tanpa Notaris, Mudah dan Cepat
Proses Identifikasi Data Persil Tanah
1. Pengumpulan Data
Proses identifikasi diawali adalah pengumpulan data dengan melakukan survei langsung ke lapangan dan melakukan pengukuran tanah.
Pengukuran tanah dilakukan untuk mengetahui luas dari persil tersebut beserta batas-batasnya.
Selain itu, petugas BPN juga akan memeriksa catatan kepemilikan tanah yang akan diidentifikasi, serta melihat penggunaan atas tanah tersebut.
2. Pemetaan
Setelah melakukan pengumpulan data, BPN akan melakukan pemetaan dengan membuatkan peta yang mencerminkan batas-batas fisik dan administratif tanah.
Pemetaan dilakukan dengan akurasi tinggi untuk memastikan keakuratan informasi.
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3. Penomoran Persil
Selain pemetaan, bidang tanah yang diidentifikasi tersebut diberikan penomoran persil.
Nomor persil dibuat unit berdasarkan sistem identifikasi yang telah ditetapkan.
Nomor persil merupakan rujukan untuk memeriksa keaslian dokumen legal atas kepemilikan properti tersebut, terutama untuk proses cek sertifikat tanah.
Selain itu, nomor persil juga menjadi acuan bahwa tanah sudah didaftarkan ke BPN.
Nomor persil atau biasa disebut Nomor Identifikasi Bidang (NIB) tanah, pasti tercantum dalam dokumen pertanahan seperti sertifikat tanah.
Merujuk Peraturan Menteri Agraria dan Tata Ruang/Badan Pertanahan Nasional (ATR/BPN) Nomor 1 Tahun 2021, nomor identifikasi ini terdiri dari 14 digit.
Masing-masing nomor merinci informasi tentang provinsi, kabupaten/kota, nomor bidang tanah dan penggunaan tanah.
Misalnya NIB tanah Anda adalah 10.15.22.05.3.01234, maka dapat diketahui bahwa:
- 2 digit pertama merupakan kode Provinsi;
- 2 digit berikutnya merupakan kode Kabupaten/Kota;
- 9 digit berikutnya merupakan nomor bidang tanah;
- 1 digit terakhir merupakan kode bidang tanah di permukaan, ruang atas tanah, ruang bawah tanah, satuan rumah susun atau hak di atas hak bidang permukaan, hak di atas ruang atas tanah dan hak di atas ruang bawah tanah.
4. Pencatatan Hak Kepemilikan dan Penerbitan Sertifikat
Selain itu, ada juga informasi mengenai kepemilikan persil yang dicatat dalam basis data pertanahan.
Pencatatan hak kepemilikan meliputi nama pemilik, jenis hak kepemilikan, dan nomor sertifikat atau nomor persil.
Setelah proses identifikasi selesai, maka akan dilakukan penerbitan sertifikat sebagai bukti kepemilikan persil tersebut.
Baca juga:
Cara Pemecahan Sertifikat Tanah Kavling dan Kisaran Biayanya
Perbedaan Persil Tanah dengan Kohir dan Kelas Tanah
Selain persil tanah, ada juga sejumlah istilah yang umumnya termuat dalam dokumen pertanahan, seperti kohir dan kelas tanah.
Lantas, apa perbedaan dari ketiganya?
Persil tanah, seperti disebutkan di atas, merujuk pada bidang tanah dengan ukuran tertentu yang dapat difungsikan sebagai lahan untuk perkebunan atau perumahan.
Berbeda dengan kohir tanah yang tergolong sebagai surat atau daftar penetapan pajak properti.
Karena itu, kohir tanah kerap digunakan oleh otoritas pajak properti untuk menetapkan jumlah pajak yang harus dibayar oleh pemilik properti.
Adapun kelas tanah adalah klasifikasi atau kategori bidang tanah sesuai penggunaan karakteristiknya.
Itulah ulasan lengkap mengenai apa itu persil tanah dan proses identifikasinya.
Punya pertanyaan lain seputar properti? Yuk, diskusikan di Teras123!
Semoga informasi ini bermanfaat.